Anticancer Activity of Leaf Extracts and Fractions of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. from North Luwu, Indonesia, using the MTT Assay Protocol Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith is known to contain several compounds, one of which is flavonoids reported to have strong anticancer activity against various cancer cells. This study aims to test the anticancer activity of extracts and fractions of E. elatior leaves from North Luwu on several cell lines using the MTT assay protocol. Extracts were obtained from maceration using 70% ethanol and the crude extract obtained was fractionated using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The anticancer activity of the extracts and fractions was evaluated using the MTT method. The results of anticancer activity of Patikala leaf extract from North Luwu against WiDr, MCF-7, HeLa and Vero cells were 67.5 µg/mL, 213.5 µg/mL, 263.4 µg/mL and 592 µg/mL, respectively. The three fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water) also demonstrate activity against WiDr and Vero cell lines with the inhibitory potential of 214.7 µg/mL, 49.9 µg/mL, and 369.3 µg/mL, respectively, while against Vero cells the activity was 1626.05 µg/mL, 546.8 µg/mL, and 7574.24 µg/mL, respectively. The study concluded that patikala leaf extract showed moderate to weak anticancer activity against several cell lines, with selective activity against WiDr cells but was not cytotoxic to Vero cell lines. The extract and fractions showed anticancer activities against all the cell lines used, but the ethyl acetate fraction was the most selective exhibiting a moderate cytotoxic. Meanwhile, all the fractions were not toxic to Vero cells.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1. WHO. NCD Mortality and Morbidity, 2017.
2. Gusungi DE, Maarisit W, Hariyadi H and Potalangi NO. Study of Antioxidant Activity and Breast Anticancer (MCF-7) Ethanol Extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra Leaves. J. Trop Biopharmaceutics. 2020; 3(1): 166–174.
3. Roni A, Maruf A and Marliani L. Cytotoxic Test of Bouea macrophylla Extract Griff Against HeLa Cells. J. Res Chem, 2021; 6: 39. DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v6i1.24254
4. Kalonio D, Hendriani R and Barung E. Anticancer Activity of Plant Genus Clerodendrum Lamiaceae : A Review. Trad Med Mag. 2017; 22: 182. DOI:10.22146/mot.31554
5. Utami YP, Yulianty R, Djabir YY, and Alam G. Antioxidant Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm Leaf Extract ABTS Free Radical Antidote from Enrekang, South Sulawesi. Catalyst J. 2023; 8(2): 291–300. DOI:10.22216/katalisator.v8i2.2572
6. Utami YP, Yulianty R, Djabir YY, and Alam G. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents of Etlingera elatior (Jack) RM Smith from North Luwu, Indonesia. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2024;8(1). DOI: 10.26538/tjnpr/v8i1.34
7. Amir H, Murcitro BG. Microtetrazolium (MTT) Test Of Methanolic Extract Of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Leaves on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Chem. Educ. J Sci 2017; 1(1): 27-32.8.
8. CCRC. Standing Procedure for Combination Tests with Chemotherapy Agents. Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy UGM. 2010; 6-9
9. CCRC. Cell Subculture Standing Procedure. Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, 2009; 6–9.
10. Andiana M. Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) Cell Culture Using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Bio. J. of Trop. Bio, 2017; 1(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.29080/biotropic.2017.1.1.1-8
11. Ulfah M, Cahyani VSN and Kinasih I. Influence of Annona muricata L.Leaves Tea Medication on Phagocytosis Activity Of Macrophage Cells And Proliferation of Lymphocytes Cells Injured By Hepatitis B Vaccine. Mom. J Sci Mag. 2017; 13(2). 63-71.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36499/jim.v13i2.2039
12. Widowati L and Mudahar H. Activity Test of 50% Ethanol Extract of Tuber of Mouse Caladium (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lood) Bl) Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Vitro. Heal. Res. J and Dev. Med. 2009; 19(1): 156140. https://www.neliti.com/publications/156140/
13. Sajjadi SE, Ghanadian M, Haghighi M, Mouhebat L. Cytotoxic effect of Cousinia verbascifolia Bunge against OVCAR-3 and HT-29 cancer cells. J. Herbmed Pharmacol. 2015;4(1):15-9.
14. Tee SA, Apriyanto A, Musdalipah M, Elfirah E. Comparison of The Inhibition Activity of The Tyrosinase Enzyme By The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Patikala Leaves (Etlingera Elatior) And Hydroquinone In Vitro. Health Journal. 2020;13(1):39-44.
15. Constanty I and Tukiran T. Antioxidant Activity of the n-Hexane Fraction of the Bark of Syzygium samarangense. J. Res Chem. 2021; 6: 1. DOI:10.20473/jkr.v6i1.24467
16. Warni J, Marliah A, Erida G. Test of the Bioherbicide activity of ethyl acetate extract of sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) on the growth of spinach weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Agric Stud Sci J. 2022;7(2):47-54.
17. Senduk TW, Montolalu Lady and Dotulong V. The Rendement of boiled water extract of mature leaves of mangrove Sonneratia alba. Trop. J. of Fish and Mar, 2020; 11(1): 9. DOI: 10.35800/jpkt.11.1.2020.28659
18. Hasnaeni H, Usman S and Wisdawati W. Effect of Extraction Method on Yield and Phenolic Content of Beta-Beta Wood Plant Extracts (Lunasia amara Blanco). Galenika J. of Pharmacy. 2019; 5: 175. DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.0.v0.i0.13599
19. Bafadal M, Mutiara WO, Malaka MH, Fristiohady A, Yodha AWM, Sadarun B and Sahidin S. Cytotoxic Activity Of Ethanol Extract Petrosia Sp. In Vitro Against Cancer Cells HeLa. Sci. and Prac. J. Pharm. 2022; 7(3): 282–288. Doi: 10.31603/pharmacy.v7i3.6121
20. Damasuri AR, Sholikhah EN. Cytotoxicity of ((E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one)) on HeLa cell line. IJPTher. 2020;1(2). DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.606
21. Juwita T, Melyani Puspitasari I and Levita J. Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior): A Review on its Botanical Aspects, Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities. PJBS. 2018; 21(4): 151–165. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.151.165
22. Widiyantoro A and Harlia H. Antioxidant Activity Of Leaves Extract Of Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus Kunth) With Various Extraction Methods. Heal. J Res. and Dev. 2021; 3(1): 9. DOI:10.26418/indonesian. v3i1.46519