Standardisation of Fermented Uncaria nervosa Bark Extract as an Anti-Acne Gel Preparation
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Abstract
The fermentation process is one method to increase the levels of secondary metabolite compounds in plants. The increase in secondary metabolite content is directly proportional to pharmacological activity. This study aims to formulate an anti-acne gel preparation from a fermented extract of U. nervosa stem bark that is stable and safe. This standardisation can be used as a reference for application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Uncaria nervosa stem bark extract was extracted by maceration method and the extract obtained was then fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum. The fermented extract (FE) was standardized and made into anti-acne gel preparations. The gel obtained was then evaluated and tested for activity against P. acnes bacteria. FE standardisation results showed drying shrinkage of 5.34 ± 0.12%; ash content of 1.33 ± 0.03%; metal contamination with Pb, Cd, As of 0.018; 0.008; 0.356 mg/L. Total plate count <1x106 CFU/g and yeast count <1x104 CFU/g. Anti-acne gel preparations of fermented extracts with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% were 6.51 ± 0.43; 7.46 ± 0.37; 9.59 ± 0.42; 12.75 ± 0.42; and 15.51 ± 0.39 mm, respectively. Based on this, fermented U. nervosa stem bark extract met the requirements as a standardised extract and has inhibitory activity against P. acnes bacteria hence it could use as an active substance in anti-acne gel preparations.
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